Critical appraisal:Bratt O, Kristoffersson U, Lundgren R, Olsson H 1997

Risk of bias assessment: cohort study (risk factors)

Bias in selection of participants into study

Selection of the exposed and non-exposed cohorts

Drawn from the same population (low risk)

Bias due to error in exposure measurement

Measurement of exposure

Objective measurements from pre-existing records or <img alt="File:Jutta's info icon.png" src="/australiawiki_test/images/d/d9/Jutta%27s_info_icon.png" width="16" height="16"> baseline (Existing at or before baseline, where baseline is the time at which a participant is recorded to have entered the cohort or, if obtained after baseline, before onset of symptoms of the outcome or any likely effect of the developing outcome on the exposure) physical or biological assessment not blind to outcome status, OR structured interview (moderate risk)

Bias due to error in outcome measurement

Measurement of outcome

Outcome measurement unlikely to be influenced by exposure (low risk)

Was outcome of interest absent at the time to which the exposure refers?

Yes (low risk)

Was follow-up long enough for outcome to occur as a consequence of measured exposure? (Requires prior specification of a sufficient follow-up period)

No OR insufficient information to tell (high risk)

Bias due to non-participation

Participation rate in cohort

Participation rate in exposed cohort ≤10 percentage points different from non-exposed cohort OR exposed and non-exposed are from the same cohort (low risk)

Bias due to missing data

Completeness of follow-up of cohort

Active or passive follow-up with methods for ascertainment of one or more of outcome, death or emigration not described OR there was probably < 70% follow-up OR insufficient information to tell (high risk)

Accuracy of dates of outcome or censoring

Dates of outcome or censoring ascertained to within one year (low risk)

Difference in follow-up between exposed and non-exposed members of cohort

Follow-up methods are the same and likely to achieve the same completeness of follow-up in exposed and non-exposed participants (low risk)

Difference in missing data for exposure between those with or without the outcome

Difference in missing data for exposure < 10 percentage points (low risk)

Bias due to confounding

Comparability of exposed and non-exposed cohorts with respect to potentially important confounding variables (Requires prior specification of potentially important confounders)

Age and some but not all other potentially important confounders controlled by design or in analysis (moderate risk)

Analysis bias

Covariates are appropriately included in statistical analysis models

Variables measuring the same underlying concept or lying in the same causal pathway ARE NOT included together as covariates in statistical analysis models (low risk)

Overall risk of bias

High risk of bias

Additional comments:

This appraisal has been completed.

Article

Bratt O, Kristoffersson U, Lundgren R, Olsson H. The risk of malignant tumours in first-degree relatives of men with early onset prostate cancer: a population-based cohort study. Eur J Cancer 1997 Nov;33(13):2237-40 Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9470812.

Assigned to

User:Suzanne.hughes

Topic area

Guidelines:PSA Testing/Risk factors

Clinical question

• For Australian men, has a family history of prostate cancer been shown to be reliably associated with a 2.0 fold or greater increase in risk of occurrence of or death from prostate cancer when compared to men who do not have a family history?

Form

Form:Quality appraisal cohort risk factors

Outcomes

Prostate cancer incidence

Section below only relevant for Cancer Council Project Officer

Edit appraisal assignment